
A novel method to directly measure firms’ operating activities through satellite data on thermal infrared radiation (TIR). It addresses the lack of real-time, granular insights into production processes, which are traditionally inferred from periodic financial reports. Leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery, the TIR measure captures heat emissions from industrial activities, reflecting the energy-intensive nature of manufacturing operations.
The lack of real-time, granular insights into firms’ production processes is traditionally inferred from periodic financial reports.
Lingnan University, a venerable institution in Hong Kong's academic landscape, has a rich heritage that dates back to its founding in Guangzhou in 1888. Known in its earlier years as Lingnan Xuexiao and subsequently as Lingnan University, the institution flourished in the field of higher education until 1952. It was reborn in Hong Kong in 1967 and has since aspired to evolve into a distinguished research-focused liberal arts university for the digital age. Lingnan is committed to excellence in teaching, learning, research, and fostering community ties, aiming for international acclaim.